The Nineteenth-century novel

From the prominent novelists of this century is Miss Jane Austen , her first novel is Elinor and Marianne (1795), but this was rewritten and published in 1811 under the name of Sense and Sensibility . She wrote also pride and prejudice 1813, Mansfield Park (1814), Emma (1818) and Northanger Abbey which is a satire on Mrs. Radcliff’s The Mysteries of Udolpho , also she wrote persuasion (1818) which is her last novel .
Miss Austen wrote on the family life perfectly and revolutionized the family novel , and her work wasn’t affected by the cruel world she was living on , because she witnessed a trouble years and the French revolution .
Marry Shelly is remembered for her novel’s of terror mainly Frankenstein (1818) , it was published in the year of the publication of the Northanger Abbey and which is a satire on this sort of novels , and it might be the first attempt at science fiction .Mrs. Shelly wrote also The Last Man (1826) the story of the destruction of human being by disease except one .
Sir Walter Scott is remembered as the best historical novelist of the time .What values the work of Scott is his multitude of characters shaped by an historic living past .Scott’s work is less read nowadays because people now admire more original fighting then fighting with swords ,add to that the difficulty of the language especially when he uses dialects and the books are long for the modern reader .
Thomas love peacock is a particular novelist , his first novel Headlong Hall(1816) is typical of all his satirical fiction which gathers intellectuals .His second novel is Nightmare Abbey (1818) which is a satire on the English romantic movement.
Frederick Marryat wrote about the sea stories , in Peter Simple (1834) a foolish son went to the sea and meets adventures . Mr. Midshipman Easy (1836) , in which the hero goes also to sea.
Charles Dickens is considered to be one of the best English novelists , and his work remains popular till now . His first novel is Pickwick (1836-1837) a novel of a young man without a care in the world , Oliver Twist (1837-1838) a story of the bad treatment of a poor boy and a miserable adventures in which he describes hunger, stealing , murder and hanging .
A Christmas Carol (1843) is the story of a bad behavior character who improves to a good one after that a ghost have told him the manner of his death . Hard Times (1854) is set in an industrial setting . David Copperfield (1849-1850) is based on the life of Dickens in her early times .Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839) is the story of a boy who is left poor in the death of his father , and he is sent to a school where the master treats his pupil cruelly .Dickens’s novels are full of different characters , he tried in his novels to raise kindness and goodness in men’s heart .
William Makepeace Thackeray described the nobility rather then the poor ; his best known novel is Vanity Fair (1847-1848)describes the adventures of two different girls a poor and a rich one , The Newcomes (1853-1855) is the tale of a son of a honorable officer .Henry Esmond (1852) and Virginians (1857-1879) are historical novels .
Thackeray dealt in his novels with the English Society of the Eighteenth century , he wrote as an educated man and his characters are related from one novel to another .
Charlotte Brontё , her finest novel is Jane Eyre (1847) describes the life of a poor and unbeautiful girl who lived in a bad condition with her cruel aunt who sent her to a miserable school , after she went teaching in the house of Mr. Rochester who fall in love with her , but Jane discovers that his mad wife is still alive she run away . After that the house is burnt and the mad wife is killed , and Rochester looses his eyes when trying to save her wife ; when Jane heard all this she married him .The novel is a description of strong feeling and the dialogue is realistic even if it is not very formal comparing with the novels of the time .
Emily Brontё who is Charlotte’s sister wrote one of the greatest English novel , Wuthering Heights (1847) which is about the passionate love of Heathcliff for Catherine , but he hears her saying that she could never marry such a low sort of creature , so he ran away .Three years later he comes back and finds that Catherine has married Edgar Linton a man of a weak character , Heathcliff than begin another life of revenge and cruelty , Catherine dies and Heathcliff marries Edgar’s sister and treats it very badly .
The first English novelist to write detective stories is William Wilkie Collins, his books The woman in white (1860) and The Moonstone (1868) are both tales of mystery .
Joseph Conrad wrote fine novels even if he learned English as a foreign language . His name is Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowsky , he was born and brought up in Poland , he produced his first novel in 1895 Almayer’s Folly , he wrote also An Outcast Of The Islands (1896) , Lord Jim (1900) is one of his greatest novels , The Secret Agent (1907) and Under Western Eyes (1911) are among the good novels he wrote . Conrad style was rather European than English .
Anthony Hope left us two popular novels of adventure in an imaginary country ‘Ruritania’ which are The Prisoner of Zenda (1894) and Rupert Of Hentzau (1898) which includes the same characters of the first one and is its continuation .
Thomas Hardy is a novelist where in his novels nature is vary important , it is a character in itself , his novels represents human beings struggling against fate or chance , from his novels we have Desperate Remedies (1871), Far From The Madding Crowd (1874) ,In The Mayor Of Casterbridge (1886), Tess Of The D’Urbervilles ((1891) and his last novel Jude The Obscure (1896) which is very miserable .